The communication process refers to the systematic steps through which a message is transmitted from the sender to the receiver in such a way that it is properly understood.
In simple words:
Communication is a process of sending, receiving, and understanding information.
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Steps / Stages in the Communication Process
The communication process consists of the following steps:
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1. Sender (Communicator)
The sender is the person who initiates the communication.
The sender has an idea, thought, or information to convey.
Example:
A manager issuing instructions to employees.
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2. Idea / Thought
This is the information, idea, feeling, or opinion that the sender wants to communicate.
Example:
A plan, instruction, warning, or feedback.
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3. Encoding
Encoding is the process of converting the idea into words, symbols, gestures, or signals that can be communicated.
Example:
Converting thoughts into spoken words or written text.
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4. Message
The message is the encoded form of the idea.
It may be verbal, written, visual, or non-verbal.
Example:
Email, speech, notice, presentation.
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5. Medium / Channel
The channel is the medium through which the message is sent.
Examples:
Oral → meetings, phone calls
Written → letters, emails
Visual → charts, posters
Digital → WhatsApp, video calls
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6. Receiver
The receiver is the person or group for whom the message is intended.
Example:
Employees, customers, students, managers.
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7. Decoding
Decoding is the process by which the receiver interprets or understands the message.
Correct decoding = effective communication
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8. Feedback
Feedback is the response of the receiver to the sender.
It confirms whether the message has been understood correctly.
Example:
Reply to email, nodding head, asking questions.
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9. Noise (Barrier)
Noise refers to any disturbance that interferes with communication.
Examples:
Physical noise (sound)
Language problems
Psychological barriers
Cultural differences
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10. Context
Context refers to the environment or situation in which communication takes place.
Example:
Office meeting, classroom, informal discussion.
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Elements of Communication Process (Brief Explanation)
