Project implementation and review evaluation and control
11/July/2025 01:41
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Here is a detailed, paragraph-style explanation covering the following project management topics:
✅ Meaning of Project Management
✅ Forms of Project Organisation
✅ Project Planning
✅ Project Control
✅ Human Aspects of Project Management
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? Project Management – Meaning
Project Management refers to the structured process of planning, organizing, executing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals within defined scope, time, and cost constraints. It involves applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet stakeholder expectations and deliver value. A project is typically temporary, unique, and outcome-driven—such as launching a product, constructing a building, or implementing a new IT system. Effective project management ensures that objectives are achieved efficiently, resources are optimized, and risks are minimized, making it a critical function in both private and public sectors.
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?️ Various Forms of Project Organisation
There are different forms of project organisation designed to suit the size, complexity, and nature of a project:
1. Functional Organisation: In this traditional structure, the project is managed within the existing departments like marketing, production, or finance. Each functional head supervises their respective part of the project. It’s efficient but can cause delays due to limited cross-functional coordination.
2. Projectised Organisation: In this structure, a dedicated team is formed for the project, with a project manager having full authority. It allows quick decision-making and accountability but can lead to redundancy and higher costs after project completion.
3. Matrix Organisation: This is a hybrid of functional and projectised structures. Team members report to both the functional manager and the project manager. It promotes better resource sharing but may lead to confusion due to dual reporting lines.
4. Composite Organisation: It combines the above forms and is used in large, complex organizations to take advantage of multiple structural benefits. Flexibility is high, but it requires strong leadership to avoid conflicts.
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? Project Planning
Project Planning is the most crucial phase of the project lifecycle. It involves defining project goals, scope, deliverables, schedules, resources, and budgets in a detailed and organized manner. Planning serves as a roadmap that guides the project from initiation to completion. It includes setting milestones, creating work breakdown structures (WBS), estimating costs, risk analysis, quality assurance strategies, and communication plans. A well-documented project plan helps in aligning stakeholders, clarifying expectations, and preparing for uncertainties. Effective planning reduces rework, optimizes resource allocation, and ensures timely project delivery.
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? Project Control
Project Control involves monitoring and measuring project performance against the planned objectives and taking corrective actions where necessary. It ensures that the project stays on track with respect to cost, schedule, quality, and scope. Tools like Gantt charts, PERT, CPM (Critical Path Method), earned value analysis, and regular status reports are used to track progress. If deviations are observed, the project manager must analyze the root cause and implement adjustments. Project control is a continuous process and plays a key role in ensuring project success by proactively managing issues before they escalate.
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? Human Aspect of Project Management
The human aspect of project management is often the most complex and critical. Managing a project means managing people—team members, stakeholders, clients, vendors, and others. Success depends not only on technical planning but also on interpersonal skills, such as communication, leadership, motivation, conflict resolution, and team building. A project manager must foster collaboration, clarify roles, address concerns, and maintain morale under pressure. Resistance to change, lack of commitment, or poor communication can derail even a well-planned project. Therefore, emotional intelligence, delegation, and inspiration are as important as tools and techniques in ensuring project completion.
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✅ Conclusion
Project Management is both a science and an art. While planning, organizing, and controlling are structured and tool-based, managing people and their behavior requires empathy, flexibility, and experience. Choosing the right project structure, meticulous planning, rigorous control, and strong human management skills together contribute to project success in any field—be it construction, IT, marketing, or infrastructure.
